Ukwenziwa kwensimbi kubaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wezimboni emhlabeni wonke, kudlala indima ebalulekile engashintshwa emisebenzini yokwakha, ukukhiqiza, ezokuthutha, nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngonyaka ka-2023, imboni yensimbi iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, iqhutshwa ukwanda kwesidingo sezinto ezizinzile nobuchwepheshe obusha. Njengomgogodla wentuthuko yesimanje, ukuqonda izindawo zabakhiqizi bensimbi abakhulu emhlabeni kubalulekile kumabhizinisi, abatshalizimali, nabakhi benqubomgomo ngokufanayo. Ingqikithi yokukhiqizwa kwensimbi emhlabeni wonke yafinyelela amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.9 ngo-2023, okubonisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo naphezu kwezinselelo zezomnotho. Ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene namandla ensimbi kwenza kube ukukhetha okuncanyelwayo, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kwamasu ezimboni zensimbi ezinkulu emhlabeni.

Ukwenziwa kwensimbi emhlabeni wonke kugxile kakhulu ezifundeni nasezinkampanini ezithile ezibonisa izinga elikhulu lokusebenza kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Lezi zinkampani zensimbi eziphezulu emhlabeni azigcini nje ngokuba namandla omthamo omkhulu kodwa futhi zithonya amanani emakethe, izinto zokuhambisa, kanye nezindlela zokwenza izinto ezintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sezimboni zensimbi sithonywa izinto zezombusazwe, izinqubomgomo zokuhweba, kanye nemithetho yezemvelo, okwenza kube yimboni eguquguqukayo futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukunikeza ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwamanye amazwe akhiqiza insimbi kakhulu, izinkampani ezihamba phambili ezihola le mboni, kanye nemibono mayelana nezindlela zesikhathi esizayo ezakha ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi emhlabeni wonke.

Abakhiqizi bensimbi abakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngo-2023 baqhubeka nokubuswa yizinkampani ezinkulu ezimbalwa ezise-Asia, Europe, naseMelika. Izindlovukazi zensimbi zaseShayina njenge-China Baowu Steel Group ne-HBIS Group zihamba phambili, i-China Baowu yodwa ikhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-115 minyaka yonke, okwenza kube umkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu wensimbi emhlabeni. Lokhu kukhiqizwa okukhulu akugcini nje ngokugcina isikhundla saseShayina njengezwe elikhiqiza insimbi kakhulu kodwa futhi kuthinta kakhulu izimakethe zensimbi zomhlaba wonke.

Abaholi abanye ababalulekile bahlanganisa iNippon Steel Corporation yaseJapan kanye nePOSCO yaseNingizimu Korea, zombili ezaziwa ngobuchwepheshe bazo nokusebenza kahle ekukhiqizeni insimbi. INippon Steel inomkhiqizo owedlula amathani ayizigidi ezingu-45, kanti iPOSCO ihlala iyisidlali esibalulekile ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-40 ngonyaka. E-Europe, i-ArcelorMittal—enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ekukhiqizeni insimbi ngesabelo semakethe—isebenza ezindaweni eziningi emazweni amaningi, ikhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-70, ihlanganisa amandla nendawo ehlukahlukene yezindawo.

Emazweni aseMelika, izinkampani ezise-U.S. njengeCleveland-Cliffs neNucor Corporation zibambe izabelo ezinkulu zemakethe, ngamandla okukhiqiza asukela ku-20 kuye ku-30 million metric tons. Lezi zinkampani zilinganisa isidingo sasekhaya nemisebenzi yokuthekelisa, ngokuvamile zigxile emikhiqizweni yensimbi ekhethekile. Inkampani ngayinye yalezi zinkampani zensimbi eziphezulu emhlabeni ikhanya ezingxenyeni ezahlukene, kusukela ensimbi eyisicaba kuya emikhiqizweni emide esetshenziswa ezimbonini zokwakha nezimoto.

I-Profit State International isebenza eduze nabakhiqizi abaningi abahamba phambili, isebenzisa ubudlelwano bamasu ukunikeza amanani ancintisanayo nemikhiqizo yensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu kumabhizinisi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokuhambisana nezimboni zensimbi eziphezulu emhlabeni, i-Profit State International iqinisekisa izinto zokuhlinzekwa ezithembekile namazinga aphezulu emikhiqizo, okubalulekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni ezahlukahlukene. Ngemininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nohlu lwemikhiqizo namasevisi abo, vakashela i-IMIKHIQIZO ikhasi.

Imboni yensimbi ngo-2023 ibunjwa yizinto eziningana ezibalulekile ezithinta ubungako bokukhiqiza kanye nokuhamba kwemakethe. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukugcizelelwa okwandayo ekusimameni kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Abakhiqizi bensimbi emhlabeni wonke batshala izimali ezinkulu kwezobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, njengeziko zikagesi (EAF) nezinqubo zokwenza insimbi ezisekelwe ku-hydrogen, ukunciphisa umthelela emvelweni. Lokhu kugxilwa ekusimameni akugcini nje ngokushukunyiswa yimithetho kodwa futhi kuyimpendulo yokufunwa okukhulayo kwabathengi nezinkampani kwimikhiqizo enobungani nemvelo.

Enye into ethrendayo ukufunwa okuguquguqukayo okuhambisana nemijikelezo yezenotho nokuchithwa kwezimali ezakhiweni. Ezindaweni ezisakhula, ukwanda kwabantu emadolobheni namaphrojekthi ezakhiwo kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi okunamandla. Ngokuphambene, izimakethe ezithile ezithuthukile zibonisa ukukhula okubambalwa kodwa ukufunwa okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo yensimbi ekhethekile, esezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphazamiseka kwezinto ezithunyelwayo okuthonywe ukungezwani kwezepolitiki nemiphumela yokugcina yobhubhane kuyaqhubeka nokuphonsela abakhiqizi inselelo, kubangela ukuthi kube nezinto ezithunyelwayo ezibekezelelayo nezendawo.

Ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe nakho kuyisishukumisi esibalulekile. Ukuzenzakalela, ukuguqulwa kwedijithali, kanye nokwamukelwa kwezindlela ze-Industry 4.0 kwenza izimboni zensimbi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle, kunciphise izindleko, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkampani eziphezulu zensimbi zinenzuzo yokuncintisana ngokuhlanganisa lezi zithuthukisi emigqeni yazo yokukhiqiza, kudala inani ngokulawulwa okungcono kwezinsiza kanye nezikhathi zokulethwa ezisheshayo.

Idatha yemakethe ikhombisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwalawa mkhuba kusize abakhiqizi abahamba phambili ukuthi bagcine ukukhula okuzinzile futhi bandise ukufinyelela kwabo emhlabeni wonke naphezu kokungaqiniseki komnotho. Amabhizinisi afuna ukuthola insimbi kuyanconywa ukuthi aqaphe le mikhuba eduze ukuze ahambisane namasu okuthenga nezimo zemakethe. Imininingwane enemininingwane yokuthi i-Profit State International ihlanganisa kanjani le mikhuba ukuze kuzuze amaklayenti ingatholakala ku-MAYELANA NATHIikhasi.

Abakhiqizi bensimbi abakhulu emhlabeni bayazihlukanisa ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, ubuhlakani, nezinqubo zokuzinza. Ngokwesibonelo, i-China Baowu Steel Group iye yaqala ukusebenzisa izifudumezi zikagesi, yanciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngenkathi yenza kahle izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okufanayo kubuchwepheshe bensimbi eluhlaza kubonakala kwa-ArcelorMittal neNippon Steel, lapho imizamo ye-R&D igxile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-alloy nasekuphumeleleni kwezinqubo.

Ukusungula izinto kuphinde kunwetshwe ekuphumeni komkhiqizo ohlukahlukene, lapho lezi zinkampani zikhiqiza izinhlobo zensimbi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezihambelana nezimboni ezifana nezimoto, ezokwakha, kanye nezezimboni zamandla. Lokhu kuvumelana kuvumela ukuthi zisekele isisekelo samakhasimende esibanzi futhi ziphendule ngokushesha ezidingweni zemakethe eziguqukayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zensimbi eziphezulu sezikhula zithatha izimiso zomnotho oyindilinga, zisebenzisa insimbi eyisikwele futhi zinciphisa udoti ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha ezithuthukisiwe.

Enye inzuzo yokuncintisana itholakala ezinhlelweni zabo zokuhambisa emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokuphathwa komjikelezo wezimpahla. Ngokugcina ubudlelwano obubalulekile nokutshala imali ezinhlelweni zokuhambisa, laba abakhiqizi baqinisekisa ukuhamba kwesikhathi nokwakhiwa kwekhwalithi okuqhubekayo emhlabeni jikelele. I-Profit State International isebenzisa lezi zinzuzo ngokubambisana kwayo, iqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende athola imikhiqizo yensimbi ephezulu ethathwe ezimbonini zensimbi ezihamba phambili emhlabeni ngamanani ancintisanayo.

Ekugcineni, ukuphathwa kwezinkampani nokulandela izindinganiso zomhlaba jikelele kuthuthukisa igama lezi zinkampani nokwethembeka kwamakhasimende. Izindlela zabo ezisimeme zivame ukuqashelwa ngokuqinisekiswa nezindondo, ziqinisa isikhundla sabo sokuhola emakethe enezimbangi ezinzima. Lezi zinto zidalela ndawonye uhlaka oluqinile olusekela ukukhula kwesikhathi eside nokubusa emakethe.

I-Asia isaqhubeka njengomthombo wamandla wokukhiqiza insimbi, kanti i-China yodwa ibamba ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithupha yokukhiqizwa komhlaba. Anye amazwe ase-Asia afana ne-India, i-Japan, ne-South Korea nawo anikela kakhulu, ngakunye enezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile zezigaba zensimbi nezicelo. I-India iyashesha ukwandisa amandla ayo okwakha insimbi, ihlose ukuba umholi womhlaba esikhathini esizayo. I-Japan ne-South Korea zigxile emikhiqizweni yensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu yezimoto nezimboni ze-elektroniki.

Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi eYurophu kubonakala ngokulinganisa phakathi kokuhamba nokwakhiwa kwezobuchwepheshe obuphakeme. Amazwe afana ne-Germany, i-France, ne-Italy anamaqembu amakhulu okwakha insimbi afana ne-Thyssenkrupp kanye ne-ArcelorMittal’s European operations. Imboni yensimbi yaseYurophu ibhekwa ngokuqinile ngokugxila okukhulu ezingeni lemvelo, kuthonya izindlela zokukhiqiza nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo.

Emazweni aseMelika, i-United States kanye neBrazil yizona ezihamba phambili ekukhiqizeni insimbi. Imboni yensimbi yase-U.S. izuzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nemakethe enkulu yasekhaya, kanti iBrazil yaziwa ngemithombo yayo ecebile yamatshe ensimbi esekela ukukhula kokukhiqizwa kwensimbi. Zombili lezi zifunda zigxile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwandisa amathuba okuthekelisa ezimakethe zamazwe omhlaba ezincintisanayo.

Ukuqonda lezi zimo zesifunda kubalulekile kumabhizinisi ahilelekile ekuthengeni nasekutshaleni insimbi. Kuvumela izinqumo zokuthola izinto ezihlelekile ezithuthukisa izindleko, ikhwalithi, kanye nokuzinza kokuhlinzekwa. Ukuhlola ukuthi iProfit State International isiza kanjani ukuthola imikhiqizo yensimbi kusuka kulezi zifunda ezahlukene, vakashela i-IKHAYA ikhasi ukuze uthole imininingwane ephelele yokubambisana.

Sibheka phambili, imboni yensimbi ibhekene nezinselelo eziningana kanye namathuba anethemba. Imithetho yezemvelo izoqina kakhulu, iphoqe abakhiqizi ukuthi bashaye amagxolo ekuguqukeleni kubuchwepheshe bensimbi eluhlaza. Izinkampani ezingaphumeleli ukusungula ubuchwepheshe zizobeka engcupheni ukulahlekelwa yisabelo emakethe kubancintisana nabo abazinzile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izidingo zengqalasizinda ezimakethe ezisafufusa zizoqhubeka nokushayela ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kwensimbi.

Ukuqhubeka kobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokuhlaziywa okubikezelayo, kulindeleke ukuthi kushintshe kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokuphathwa kwezinto zokuhambisa. Lezi zinsiza zizovumela abakhiqizi ukuthi babikezele izinguquko zemakethe futhi benze imisebenzi ibe ngcono ngesikhathi sangempela. Kodwa-ke, ukungaqiniseki kwezepolitiki kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuhweba kuhlala kuyizinto ezingaphazamisa, ezidinga amasu aqinile ezindaweni ezinkulu zensimbi emhlabeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa okukhulayo kwezimiso zomnotho ojikelezayo kuzobumba izindlela zokugaywa kabusha kwensimbi nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Leli shintsho aligcini nje ngokusekela imigomo yokusimama kodwa futhi linikeza izinzuzo zezindleko ngokunciphisa ukuncika ezintweni ezingavuthiwe. Izinkampani ezifana neProfit State International zibekwe kahle ukubhekana nalezi zinguquko ngokugcina ubudlelwano obuqinile nabaphakeli nokwamukela ubuchule ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemakethe eziguqukayo.

Ngokufingqiwe, ikusasa lokukhiqizwa kwensimbi liyingxube yokuqina, ubuchule, nokusimama. Ababambiqhaza kufanele bahlale benolwazi futhi bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ukuze bazuze amathuba anikezwa yileli zimboni eguquguqukayo.

Ngeminye imininingwane nemibuzo mayelana nokutholwa kwensimbi kanye nobudlelwano, sicela uvakashele XHUMANA NATHIikhasi ku-Profit State International.